The effect of special exercises to develop some basic movements for blind people, category B1, aged 10-12 years

Abstract

The introduction and importance of the research included attention to special exercises because of their impact on developing the basic movements of the completely blind students in the research sample, as the sense of sight plays a very important role in the process of interaction that takes place between a person and his environment, in addition to the fact that the largest part of education takes place through the sense of sight, this sense is responsible for coordinating and organizing the impressions that are received through the other senses. Thus, the visually disabled person lives in a narrow, limited world as a result of his disability, and he wishes he could get rid of it and go out into the world of sighted people. He has psychological needs that he cannot satisfy, and social trends that try to isolate him from the sighted community, and he faces situations in which there are types of conflict and anxiety. All of this leads the visually disabled person to... lives in poor mental health, as well as weakness in performing basic movements.

 This may lead him to poor adaptation to his surrounding environment and difficulty in carrying out his daily life. From here the problem of the research became clear, as it was found that disabled people with visual impairment (the blind) have a clear weakness in basic movements (walking, jumping, changing direction). In order to find the development of these movements, the researcher decided to prepare special exercises in order to help the blind person develop some of his basic movements and practice them properly to help him. To carry on his daily life.

 The researcher also followed the experimental approach with one experimental group with two pre- and post-tests to suit the nature of the study, and after the research population was determined from the students of Al-Noor Institute for the Visually Impaired by (18) students, the research sample was determined intentionally, where (8) students were identified for the group. Experimental, where special exercises were applied for a period of (12) weeks, with (2) educational units per week, and only the main part of the educational program was targeted. Before and after applying the exercises, basic movement tests were conducted (walking, jumping, and changing direction), and the program used the statistical package (SPSS) to analyze the results. After conducting the necessary statistical treatments, the study concluded that the special exercises prepared by the researcher had an impact on some basic movements (walking, jumping, and changing direction) with statistical significance between the pre- and post-tests and in favor of the post-test.

 The results of the study also showed that there were statistically significant differences in the variables of the study (walking, jumping, and changing direction) and in favor of the post-tests of the experimental group.

 The researcher recommended several recommendations, the most important are: the need for teachers to know the extent of the impact of special exercises, develop educational programs to develop the capabilities of blind students, and involve parents in Training and educational courses and programs to increase their awareness of the importance of self-reliance in their children’s future lives.

Keywords: Special exercises, basic movements, blind people category B1.