The Impact of Specialized Alternating Variable-Camber Paddle Exercises on Developing Strength Endurance and 5000-Meter Kayaking Performance in Elite Athletes

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the impact of specialized exercises using variable-camber paddles with an alternating method on developing strength endurance and improving 5000-meter kayaking performance for advanced athletes. Methods: An experimental approach was applied to a sample of 8 elite kayakers from Al-Rusafa Training Center. A 12-week training program (3 sessions/week) was implemented, incorporating high/low-camber paddles in interval and continuous training. Performance was evaluated through four tests: 1-minute maximal paddling, weight pulling, repetition with rest, and 5000-meter race time. Results: Significant improvements (0.05) were observed in all metrics: distance in the maximal paddling test increased from 250 to 255 meters, repetitions in the weight-pulling test rose from 55 to 59, fatigue rate decreased from 12% to 0.7%, and race time improved from 23.41 to 23.32 minutes. Conclusions: The exercises enhanced the activation of slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers, improved neuromuscular coordination, and optimized energy distribution, supporting long-distance performance.